Washington Policy Blog

What is the Laffer Curve?

February 5, 2008 in Blog

The CATO Institute has produced a great YouTube video explaining the Laffer Curve and the impact that tax rates have on revenue collection by government:

"Working in Washington can be very exasperating, and few issues are as frustrating as the Laffer Curve. Even market-friendly lawmakers frequently misinterpret the relationship between tax rates, taxable income, and tax revenue. The other 90 percent of politicians are even worse. Using straw-man arguments, they defend a revenue-estimating system that is based on the absurd notion that tax policy never has any impact on economic performance. I’ve complained vociferously (see here, here, and here), but that hasn!
’t worked.

It’s time to try something new. Regular readers of this blog may have seen the videos I narrated on tax competition and the corporate income tax. These videos, produced by the Center for Freedom and Prosperity, will never compete with Pamela Anderson, but they seem to get a decent amount of traffic by public-policy standards. So the Center has now released a video on the Laffer Curve with yours truly (a.k.a., the George Clooney of the free market movement) again serving as narrator. Indeed, this video is the first of a three-part series.

I sent the video to Art Laffer, who was kind enough to say, 'This video is a great common-sense tutorial that shows the real relationship between tax rates, taxable income, and tax revenue. I hope it is widely viewed so that more people understand the need for pro-growth tax policy.'"

To view the short video click here.

Sacrebleu!

February 1, 2008 in Blog

Trump
Far be it from me to blaspheme the French (not when I love their fries so much) but their employer/employee regulatory setup is for the frogs.

Today's Wall Street Journal has an article about Jerome Kerviel -- the rogue bank trader that misplaced $7.2 billion in January. That's billion with a "B". Stories are flying all over the internet about his exploits. Suffice to say he was caught in his web of lies. Truth of the matter is that he didn't rip off $7.2 billion. He engaged in shady trading and computer hacking trying to make his bank, Societe Generale, lots of money on various stock market exchanges. Some circles of global society are even heralding his actions as some sort of Robin Hood -- even though he didn't actually steal anything, much less redistribute the wealth. He "lost" wealth while acting illegally. No one is better off; that may be the worst part of all.

Anyway, here's the kicker:

Societe Generale can't just up and fire him.

According to the Journal, even though Kerviel was taken into custody and has essentially copped to the fraud, his employer is not allowed to tell him to pick up his things and hit the road.

From the Journal, "French law stipulates that to do that [fire Kerviel], the bank must first call him in for a sit-down meeting and explain its dissatisfaction. [Kerviel] has the right bring along a trade-union official, a lawyer or anyone else he'd like."

So, French law dictates that a rogue trader who lost $7.2 billion in shady and illegal behavior cannot be thrown out?

Me thinks Donald Trump has no plans on relocating to a country where "You're Fired!" is considered blasphemy.

It depends on what "is" is.

February 1, 2008 in Blog

Yesterday, the Seattle Times ran this story about HB 3290, which would allegedly make congestion relief a higher priority. Ironically, the article claims the bill will essentially have no impact on reducing congestion and the bill's sponsor admits as much.

The reason congestion will continue to get worse is because policymakers continue to define mobility this way, "To improve the predictable movement of goods and people throughout Washington State."

As I have written before, Mobility should mean congestion
relief, but instead officials define it as a strategy to move people, rather than improving vehicle
flows.

Ironically, this strategy will always
lead to greater traffic congestion.

According to the Federal Highway
Administration, private passenger vehicles account for about 85% of all forms
of transportation in the Seattle region.[1]  This means all other modes like mass transit,
bicycles and walking, serve only 15% of travelers.

So, adopting a policy that
disproportionately spends public money on only 15% of the market will always
lead to greater congestion, because the system that supports the remaining 85%
is left to languish.


[1] Based on
2000 data from the Federal Highway Administration. Available at: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ctpp/jtw/jtw4.htm

 

Planetary Emergency

January 31, 2008 in Blog

GlobalwarmingAl Gore refers to climate change as a "planetary emergency."

Here is a state emergency announced today:

Meanwhile, Gov. Christine Gregoire declared a state of emergency this afternoon for more than a dozen counties as a result of the "relentless" snowstorms that have been pounding mountain passes and Eastern Washington for days."

This is not normal. And it just goes to show that Greg Nickels was right in 2005:

At first, Nickels said he was not distressed by these trends. "I think like most Americans I sort of said, 'So what? It would be nice if it were a few degrees warmer.' " But then he learned more about how Seattle's water and electricity supplies could be hurt by a shrinking snowpack. In meetings with Seattle's water and electricity department chiefs, Nickels said he heard repeated forecasts for below-average snowpack. Eventually he said he realized "we're never going to get average again."

dir="ltr">We're certainly not getting average this year. In 2005 when we didn't have average, the Mayor decided to launch the US Mayors Climate Conference to combat global warming. What will the Mayor do this year?

Maybe this is a symptom of a larger problem...

January 31, 2008 in Blog

Taxes
I finally was able to read this great piece from Tuesday by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer's Bill Virgin on the increasing amount of business tax exemptions and credits. There are currently 567 tax preference items for major Washington state and local tax sources.

The Business and Occupations Tax (B&O tax = gross receipts tax) accounts for 161 of those exemptions -- the most of the 7 classifications of tax sources. The estimated savings to taxpayers for the B&O exemptions for the 2007-09 biennium? $8.6 billion. Interestingly, even though there are more exemptions for B&O taxes, it ranks 3rd among the exemptions that save taxpayers the most money. The 103 exemptions for property taxes save about $45 billion; Retail and Use Tax exemptions save $39 billion.

The state legislature is currently considering adding several more exemptions this year as well.

With so many exemptions, credits, deductions, etc., shouldn't policymakers consider the possibility that the tax code is not quite what it could be? A responsible tax system has a broad base but a small rate. The more exemptions that are enacted, the shallower the tax base and the higher the rate must be on the remaining taxpayers in order for government to collect what it "needs" in order to function.

I'm not advocating for the dissolution of all tax exemptions. Hardly. I think the number of exemptions show that lawmakers recognize that taxes have a negative impact on economic growth -- it also shows which industries they prefer to grow at the expense of others.

Let this recently-updated quadrennial report from the Department of Revenue stir up debate about alarming number of tax exemptions and of the need for a better tax system that encourages investment in capital and economic expansion across all industries. Not just ones that curry favor from politicians.

Projected costs may hold up budget transparency reform

January 31, 2008 in Blog

The Olympian reports this morning that lawmakers support the concept of creating a searchable budget website but are concerned about the projected price tag of one of the proposals ($1.4 million):

"Not the right year to be asking for it, but the right idea," said Rep. Kelli Linville, D-Bellingham, on Wednesday. "It's public dollars, and the more transparency in the budget, the better."

The million dollar fiscal note is surprising in light of the experience of the states that have already implemented their versions of this reform.

The fiscal note for Texas showed “no fiscal implication to the State is anticipated” for its website.

Missouri's budget office said its website was done "within existing resources."

Then there's also the possibility of free assistance with programming and source code for the website from Microsoft and Google.

Even if the projected costs are accurate, I have to imagine that improving citizen access to details on the billons spent by government would rank high on the state’s priority list under government accountability efforts (much like the costs of complying with the public records law).

Time will tell if lawmakers share this view.

Hold on to your wallets

January 30, 2008 in Blog

The state's supplemental budget debate just got a lot more interesting. Previous budget forecasts estimated a $621 million deficit by the end of the next biennium. According to a new report by the Senate Ways and Means Committee, the projected deficit has worsened. Richard Davis at the Association of Washington Business broke the news today:

"As we posted earlier, OFM has discontinued production of the familiar six-year budget outlook. Sen. Joe Zarelli subsequently asked the Senate Ways and Means Committee to make the forecast. The committee's projections are here and its methodology here.

By the end of the next biennium, in 2011, the outlook shows the General Fund running in the red by $937 million. Looking out to the end of the 2011-2013 biennium, the General Fund shortfall is $2.5 billion. The outlook also looks at the emergency reserve account and budget stabilization account, both of which would be drained (assuming the requirements to tap the budget stabilization account could be met)."

It is likely this bad news will only get worse on February 14 when the state's new revenue forecast is released. This situation illustrates the importance of limiting increases in the budget to ongoing revenue instead of using one-time money to balance the budget.

Earlier this session a bill was introduced (HB 2932) to require six-year budget outlooks be available following the adoption of a budget and quarterly revenue forecast. From the bill:

"No later than thirty days after enactment of each omnibus operating budget act, and no later than seven days after adoption of each quarterly revenue forecast under chapter 82.33 RCW, the state council on fiscal management shall present a three-biennium outlook on the state's operating budget."

In light of today's news it will be interesting to see if this proposal moves forward to help provide this type of information multiple times a year to help guide spending decisions.

Look before you leap

January 28, 2008 in Blog

One of the more interesting debates happening in Olympia right now is how to pay for the paid family leave entitlement put into law last year. Count me as one of the naive individuals who thought the legislature was supposed to figure out the details of a program before adopting it.

Apparently last year's faith based punt on the family leave entitlement hasn't put a damper on some lawmakers' desire to adopt new programs without figuring out the details first. Consider the following statement from Senate Majority Leader Lisa Brown concerning the proposal to adopt a sales tax rebate for the state's low income.

According to The Olympian: “Senate Majority Leader Lisa Brown, D-Spokane, said it might be necessary to create the program this year but determine the amount of assistance next year when the state's budget outlook is clearer.”

The Yakima Herald is encouraging lawmakers to take a deep breath and not move forward with this type of faith based budgeting:

"The Seattle Times reported Friday that Democratic leaders in Olympia are pushing Senate Bill 6809, which starting next year would provide a sales-tax break for low-income families of as much as $470.

About 350,000 households in the state would be eligible for the proposed rebate, which calls for the state to provide a 10 percent match to people who qualify for the federal Earned Income Tax Credit . . . Projected hit on the state treasury: About $120 million every two years.

But that's not all. Even if it's approved, Washington residents would not be able to apply for the credit until next year because the state Department of Revenue hasn't even had time to determine just how much it would cost to administer the plan. It's expected to take several months for the state to set up a system to handle the paperwork involved.

The unknown costs of such an ongoing program are reason enough to shelve it.

Have state lawmakers already forgotten that an expected $1.4 billion surplus at the end of the current budget cycle is expected to turn into a deficit of as much as $600 million by the end of the 2009-2011 budget period . . . We said before the session began that this is not a good time for state lawmakers to embark on costly new programs -- including this election-year grandstanding.

If majority-party Democrats insist on railroading this ill-advised legislation through this session, then we would call upon Gregoire to heed her own advice about "save the surplus" and veto it to show that she meant what she said."

Meanwhile, The Seattle PI warns today that "Reality will bite state budget."

"Gov. Chris Gregoire and leading Democrats in the House and Senate have reached one early agreement in this year's budget negotiations: It's time for a reality check.

Anticipating a bleak revenue forecast, they've agreed to start looking for places to trim the $33 billion budget they passed last year. They say they want to have their priorities in order in case the slowing economy forces them to find efficiencies or even cut programs altogether.

"We're not taking for granted that everything that was budgeted last year is going to go forward this year," said Senate Majority Leader Lisa Brown, D-Spokane.

Neither she nor any other Democratic leaders provided specific examples of what might have to be cut.

Gone are the halcyon days of a skyrocketing real estate market and a ballooning economy that had led to back-to-back-to-back upward adjustments in the state's revenue forecasts.

And gone is the free and easy feeling about spending, the unflinching commitment to "targeted investments" that Democrats have enjoyed for the past three years.

The upcoming revenue forecast comes out on Valentine's Day, but given the circumstances no one is expecting a very rosy message from the state's top economist, ChangMook Sohn."

Spokesman Review: Demystify state budget

January 27, 2008 in Blog

The Spokesman Review's Sunday editorial highlights WPC's proposal for a free searchable website of state spending and performance information. From the article:

"It's not that state spending isn't already public information, but digging it out in meaningful detail is enough to tax the skills and patience of most of us. In bill form, for example, the state budget is hundreds of pages long, and finding anything specific means poring over documents compiled and maintained by agencies and the Legislature.

A searchable Web site would bring all that information together, preferably in standardized format, and put it online where an interested resident could get speedy answers to plain-language questions.

No need to understand the intricacies of the legislative process. No need to speak the insiders' jargon.

The Washington Policy Center, a conservative, Seattle-based think tank and an outspoken advocate of the idea, notes that the Legislature will be spending some $71 billion over the current biennium.

Breaking that down into chunks that mean something to the average resident is possible, but only if lawmakers take advantage of available technology."

Previously the Everett Herald, Columbian and Tri-City Herald have called for Olympia to take action on this reform.

Lawmakers appear to be listening. Bipartisan bills have been introduced in the Senate (SB 6387 & SB 6818) and House (HB 2342) to implement this reform.

The New Consensus on Climate Change

January 25, 2008 in Blog

Hurricanekatrina_midsize Global warming activists often refer to the scientific "consensus" on climate change as a justification for the costly government programs they advocate. The science, however, is still evolving, as is evidenced by this new study done by NOAA indicating that climate change may actually reduce the severity of hurricanes.

But even if there isn't a scientific consensus on the impacts of climate change, K.C. Golden of Climate Solutions and a member of the Governor's Climate Advisory Team cited another group whose testimony persuaded him when speaking to the State Senate last week.

"...our federal government has not stepped up and provided very satisfying answers to those questions. I was reminded as we just heard the companion bill in the House when I heard the voices of the [children] who came up insisting on solutions in a very clear voice, it isn't right that the federal government hasn't stepped up and offered solutions."

At the next legislative hearing on climate change, expect to see fewer NOAA scientists testifying and more children.

We Pay You to Reduce CO2!

January 23, 2008 in Blog

Warningco2 Yesterday, we turned in our comments to the Washington State Climate Advisory Team.They released their draft recommendations in December, outlining their plan to reduce carbon emissions and strategies aimed at “transforming our economy and our lifestyles.” Washington Policy Center submitted our comments in three pieces: general comments; a discussion of jobs and the climate strategies; and a detailed analysis of one of the more expansive recommendations that calls for changes in growth management, building codes and even the name of the Department of Transportation.

You can read all three pieces here.

One serious flaw deserves attention. There is a summary chart in the draft listing the expected (although the draft says "guaranteed") reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. It projects a reduction of 272.3 million metric tons of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG). It says that the net-present-value (costs - benefits, adjusted for time) of these reductions will be -$949 million, i.e. a savings of nearly $1 billion. They're practically paying us to reduce CO2! How can this be?

Well, one reason is that for some of the most expensive strategies they list the cost as "not quantified," and treat the NPV as zero. This, despite previously listing costs (slightly different from NPV) for three of the strategies at over $9 billion in November. In the December public draft these numbers are gone. Even if we accept that the NPV for these is difficult to estimate (which is the reason they give for removing the $9 billion), they should also remove the projected GHG savings for those strategies. They do not, leaving the impression that you can get 272.3 million metric tons of GHG reductions for the low, low price of negative $1 billion. This is misleading at best, dishonest at worst.

There are some elements of the proposal we believe are appropriate, such as the emphasis on looking at a range of incremental changes and the recognition that technology is key to reducing greenhouse gases.

The draft, however, is burdened by a very heavy reliance on political decisions and the hand of government. We have three general critiques of the draft:

  • It is incomplete, leaving the most significant area of carbon reductions, transportation, to future decisions and planning.
  • The economic estimates are very rosy. In a number of cases the cost estimates for the recommendations are low or artificially lowered.
  • The greenhouse gas projections are often only targets and others are unlikely to materialize. The projections often are built on the belief that government can more effectively choose the correct direction of technology and investment than the market – an assumption that has shown time and again to be unsupportable.

The CAT meets again this Friday to discuss next steps and the draft recommendations. We'll see how their discussion goes.

Is Government Spending Good for the Economy?

January 22, 2008 in Blog

We sent in our comments on the Washington State Climate Advisory Team's draft recommendations today. We will post a link to the complete comments tomorrow.

One thing we did not comment on, but deserves attention are the CAT's comments about the impact on transportation projects on jobs. They argue that "Transit capital investment is a significant source of job creation. This analysis indicates that in the year following the investment 314 jobs are created for each $10 million invested in transit capital funding."

The Seattle Times, provides a different, refreshing, take today. Regarding the President's plan to offer $500 checks, they say "In fact, the economy is not a mechanism operated by the president. It is all of us, earning, spending, saving and investing. ... These problems are not going to be fixed with $500 checks. They will be fixed by people cutting their losses, replenishing their savings, adjusting their attitudes about risk and making better decisions."

While we can debate the merits of the stimulus package, it is nice that the Times states clearly who really makes a difference in the economy. In the short-term these checks may help, but it may add to the debt if government spending does not decline.

Similarly, spending money on transit to "create" jobs doesn't really do that. It simply takes money from people who might have invested more efficiently elsewhere and steers it to transit. Thus, the CAT and others who make these claims, count the jobs created but ignore the jobs lost elsewhere.

In this way, stimulus checks without spending reductions and government spending are similar. Both take money from people in the form of taxes and then put it back into the economy in the form of rebates or government spending. Rebates are better because they go where the economy needs it most (i.e. where demand is high) whereas government spending goes where politicians decide.

So, when the Climate Advisory Team or others make the claim that increased government spending will "create" jobs, we hope the Seattle Times will remind them that the economy is not operated by government, but by all of us earning, saving, spending and investing.

Lose it, pay for it

January 21, 2008 in Blog

A bill introduced today (SB 6621) would hold state employees accountable for lost or damaged state equipment left in their care. This proposal appears to address a problem highlighted by the State Auditor. An audit of the Department of Labor and Industries in 2006 found:

"During our audit, the Department discovered that 105 items with a total cost of more than $180,000 were lost or missing. The Department stated that a search could not locate the items. The items subsequently were removed from the inventory. These assets included 24 digital cameras, eight laptop computers and five camcorders."

If adopted, SB 6621 would clarify the culpability of those who lose state equipment:

"Sec. 6. Cont!
rolling agencies shall establish the degree of responsibility and liability of their state employees, as well as appropriate punitive measures for gross negligence or misuse of controlled property by their employees. State employees shall be advised of any liability they may incur due to their custody of controlled property and the procedures to follow when an item is reported as lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed. Employee liability shall not exceed one-half of an employee's monthly salary.

Sec. 7. A state employee who intentionally, willfully, or with gross negligence damages controlled property shall be financially liable for the cost of repair or replacement of damaged controlled property unless his or her supervisor determines that there are mitigating circumstances that justify a waiver of liability. Such justification shall be documented and sent to the state auditor's office for publication on the state auditor's web site. Controlled property that cannot!
be repaired economically or is not marketable should be destr!
oyed and the property control number kept on file by the controlling agency."

A Sea Change in the Numbers

January 18, 2008 in Blog

Co2warning The Seattle Times today reported that a new analysis done by the UW Climate Impacts Group projected that sea level would rise 6 inches in Seattle by 2050, and would likely climb 14 inches by the end of the century. They said that sea level along the coast would not rise until 2100, when it would increase by 2 inches. The sea level rise there would be offset by the uplifting of the tectonic plates.

Sea level has been rising for centuries, although this would be a modest increase in the rate.

Whenever I see stories like this, I like to go back and see what had been predicted previously. I frequently refer back to two studies, one done by the Puget Sound Action Team in October 2005 and the other by the Department of Ecology in November of 2006.

The Puget Sound Action Team report, "Uncertain Future," said this about the rise in sea level: "This is one of the best understood and predictable components of future climate." In the report they predict, on page 21, that sea level will rise by 1 meter (3.28 feet) by 2100 and Seattle will see a sea level rise of over 2.5 feet. Neah Bay on the coast, they claimed, would see an increase of 1.3 feet. They called these projections the "mid-range."

The Department of Ecology also did a study. The purpose of that piece was to estimate the economic costs of climate change on Washington state.

In that report they said that "Sea levels in the northeast Pacific Ocean are projected to rise between 3 inches and more than 40 inches above current levels by the end of this century."They went on to say that "Tacoma can expect sea levels to rise between 5 inches and 20.6 inches by 2045 compared with present levels." Today's estimate, 6 inches, is at the lowest end of their previous projection.

To come up with their economic projections they used three scenarios. For that the "Department of Ecology has mapped the impact of modest (2’) and catastrophic (10’ and 20’) sea level rise on the state’s present-day shoreline." The new study shows that what was "modest" in November 2006 is almost twice the likely level of increase today. Today, catastrophic is 4 feet, which the Climate Impacts Group now calls "highly unlikely," or one-fifth of the Department of Ecology's previous estimate.

The most telling line, however, is that barely 14 months ago the Department of Ecology claimed that "Like other aspects of climate change, sea levels appear to be rising faster than earlier models had projected." Now that their projections are significantly lower, however, don't expect them to write "sea levels appear to be rising more slowly than earlier models had projected."

The error is in these documents is dramatic. The Puget Sound Action Team overestimated sea level rise by anywhere from 3 to 7 times. The Department of Ecology doubled the likely increase and inflated the worst-case scenario by a factor of 5. It is likely, however, that the Department of Ecology document will continue to be used to justify high costs of addressing climate change.

This data also makes clear how strong the bias is at the organizations writing the reports. Despite claims that their data is "scientific," the errors are always in the same direction. Such a consistent pattern of overestimation points to an obvious political bias.

These numbers show why climate alarmists' claims of "certainty" and "conservative estimates" sound increasingly like "I am not a crook."

Tri-City Herald: Adopt budget transparency website

January 18, 2008 in Blog

Add the Tri-City Herald to the growing lists of newspapers supporting WPC's proposal for a free searchable website of state spending and performance information. From today's paper (in-part):

"It sounds too good to be true, but the Taxpayer Transparency Act would actually do what its name implies and make it easier to see how your money is spent . . .

The Taxpayer Transparency Act would create an online database that the public could tap into for details about agencies and companies receiving state funds.

Enter the name of any company, and up pops the amount of state money it's getting, what the money is supposed to buy and links to all state audits of past performance.

The conservative American Legislative Exchange Council is promoting the idea to state legislatures. The bill's sponsor, Sen. Val Stevens, R-Arlington, is on the council's board of directors . . .

It's encouraging to note that State Auditor Brian Sonntag and Attorney General Rob McKenna are both supporting the bill. They belong to opposite parties, but each is a strong advocate for transparency in Olympia.

The Democratic-controlled Legislature was smart enough to approve the rainy-day fund last session, despite the concept's conservative origins.

Here's another chance for lawmakers to rise above partisanship and pass a measure that benefits everyone."

The Olympian today ran my article on this proposal.

Speaking of improving access to budget information, check out this proposal introduced today by Rep. Anderson (HB 2932). The bill would require six-year budget outlooks be available following the adoption of a budget and quarterly revenue forecast. From the bill:

"No later than thirty days after enactment of each omnibus operating budget act, and no later than seven days after adoption of each quarterly revenue forecast under chapter 82.33 RCW, the state council on fiscal management shall present a three-biennium outlook on the state's operating budget."